Archive for March, 2016

“Minimal cell raises stakes in race to harness synthetic life”. Really??

29 March, 2016

Genomics entrepreneur Craig Venter has created a synthetic cell that contains the smallest genome of any known, independent organism. Functioning with 473 genes, the cell is a milestone in his team’s 20-year quest to reduce life to its bare essentials and, by extension, to design life from scratch.

Venter, who has co-founded a company that seeks to harness synthetic cells for making industrial products, says that the feat heralds the creation of customized cells to make drugs, fuels and other products. But an explosion in powerful ‘gene-editing’ techniques, which enable relatively easy and selective tinkering with genomes, raises a niggling question: why go to the trouble of making new life when you can simply tweak what already exists?

Thomas Deerinck and Mark Ellisman/NCMIR/UCSD
Each cell of JCVI-syn3.0 contains just 473 genes, fewer than any other independent organism.
Unlike the first synthetic cells made in 20101, in which Venter’s team at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, California, copied an existing bacterial genome and transplanted it into another cell, the genome of the minimal cells is like nothing in nature. Venter says that the cell, which is described in a paper released on 24 March in Science2, constitutes a brand new, artificial species.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.nature.com

So: JC Venter and team have stripped down a pre-existing organism to what appears to be the essential set of genes, added “watermarks” and inspirational quotes – and this is part of a race to harness synthetic life?  If so, they’re pretty much racing themselves, because precious few others are trying to do the same things.

And if you DID want to, why make a completely artificial cell genome?  Why not use tailored viruses?  It’s a great development, don’t get me wrong, but it is very much part of the “because we can” school of biology, rather than anything directed towards something as coherent as a race to harness synlife*.
* = I should TM that…B-)

See on Scoop.itVirology News

Thabo Mbeki rides again. Let’s knock him off his horse, then!

7 March, 2016

Sixteen years ago, two colleagues and I wrote a letter to Nature expressing our concern about our then-President Thabo Mbeki’s denialist views on HIV and AIDS – views he then tried to push into national policy, and which almost certainly were highly influential in delaying the rollout of ARVs in South Africa.  I was also active for several years in the media and in public lectures in trying to negate some of the damage he was causing – and I was very relieved when he took a back seat eventually, and then effectively vanished from the public stage.

However, in an unwelcome development as of this week, it appears that Mr Mbeki has finally, in his ongoing quest to rewrite history, addressed the elephant in the room: his views on HIV/AIDS.

To say this “letter” is self-serving would be to pay it a compliment.  Indeed, he himself has this to say concerning the awful “Castro Hlongwane, Cats, Geese, Caravans, Foot and Mouth and Statistics…” that he almost certainly was the main author of, back there in 2002:

“Thirteen (13) years later today I would stand by everything said in this excerpt and still ask that the questions posed should be answered by those who have the scientific capacity to do so!”

So in other words, he still holds with much of the rubbish he wrote then.  Right – well, so will I revisit something I helped write, back in 2000, after reading that Mbeki had written to Bill Clinton to dispute conventional ideas on HIV/AIDS.

Nature 405: 273, 2000

AIDS dissidents aren’t victims – but the people their ideas kill will be

Sir – As South African scientists working in the field of HIV/AIDS vaccine research, we are extremely concerned about the letter president Thabo Mbeki recently sent other heads of state (Nature 404, 911; 2000). As an individual Mr Mbeki is entitled to his point of view, but as our head of state we feel he risks binding our country to an untenable position.

We would like Mr Mbeki and others to consider how the mass of South Africans would react if he were to give a sympathetic ear to unrepentant proponents of apartheid. His willingness to be influenced by people with no credibility causes as much anguish to those of us working to combat HIV/AIDS.

The simple facts, as shown by a huge volume of scientific and medical research, are that HIV causes AIDS; that in Africa (as in other developing regions) the disease is mainly spread heterosexually; and that AIDS kills poor people in disproportionate numbers. We most emphatically do not need to revisit the debate on the causation of AIDS. What we do urgently need is to educate, train and medicate, to save lives.”

This is germane, because Mbeki has the gall to go back to his Castro Hlongwane crap at the end of his latest letter, and say:

“Beneath the heartening facts about decreased mortality and increasing life expectancy, and many other undoubted health advances, lie unacceptable disparities in wealth. The gaps between rich and poor, between one population group and another, between ages and between sexes, are widening. For most people in the world today every step of life, from infancy to old age, is taken under the twin shadows of poverty and inequity, and under the double burden of suffering and disease.”

“Castro Hlongwane…” says: “Given that our minds on this matter (of HIV and AIDS) have become thoroughly clogged by the information communicated by the omnipotent apparatus, a miracle will have to be achieved to get all our people to use their brains, rather than perish on emotional responses based on greatly heightened levels of fear.”

Really, Thabo??  You’re going to harp on about poverty, again?  Oh, and the “omnipotent apparatus” that is Western Pharma, and of course US capitalism?

Please do us a favour, Comrade: go back to your pipe, and your old friends Johnny and Jack, and stop trying to justify the indefensible.  And I will close with something I wrote for the Mail & Guardian on March 1st back in 2002:

“It does not seem to matter what happens in our country; it does not matter how many people try to engage the slippery python that is the president’s policy and thinking on HIV/Aids; it does not seem to matter how many people die of Aids, and how many babies are needlessly born with HIV – there remains the stubbornness and wilful failure to comprehend that is leading us into disaster. Mr Mbeki, you make an idiot of yourself, and fools of us all for putting up with your views. Leave health policy alone, or resign. Please.

Ed Rybicki, Pinelands”

I see no reason to change my views either, Comrade.

Was I wrong on HIV/AIDS: Thabo Mbeki. Answer: yes. Yes, you were.

7 March, 2016

In 2002 a few of us here in South Africa wrote a booklet entitled “Castro Hlongwane…”‚ and sub-titled it “HIV/AIDS and the Struggle for the Humanisation of the African”.

AN OVERVIEW

Here is an excerpt from that booklet, which speaks for itself: “The first report on the incidence of HIV in South and Southern Africa was published in the “New England Journal of Medicine” and the “South African Medical Journal”, both in 1985. Two of the most important findings in this report were that in our country and region: 

HIV infection was confined to male homosexuals; and,

HIV was not endemic in this region of the world.

To quote this report, it said: “The only positive subjects were in the group compromising male homosexuals. The majority of these positive subjects had either recently been to the United States or had had sexual contact with other homosexuals who had visited the United States…

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.timeslive.co.za

Yes, Cde Mbeki, yes: you were wrong on HIV/AIDS, and you continue to be wrong.  And if you are going to revisit your nonsense, then I am going to revisit mine – just to show what some people thought of you.

Because you wrote that “booklet”, Cde Mbeki. There are those of us who know how to see who authored something, and the copy I had of that scurrilous piece of rubbish said it came from your laptop. It was rubbish then, and can be seen to be even more rubbish now.
And if you are still a denialist, then I sincerely hope that there is a tribunal in your future.

See on Scoop.itVirology News

How Mbeki’s character and his AIDS denialism are intimately linked

3 March, 2016

Critics say that Thabo Mbeki’s character matters less than his AIDS denialism. But these things are actually intimately linked.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: theconversation.com

So Thabo Mbeki is attempting to rewrite history, or at least his place in it, and he may or may not get to writing about his beliefs on HIV/AIDS.

As someone who was actively involved in telling him how wrong he was, I cannot say I am looking forward to seeing him attempt to explain himself.

Because he was wrong in so many ways: wrong in his disbelief; wrong in his actively courting the loony dissidents; wrong in buying into the “ARVs are just poisons” belief; wrong in buying into the conspiracy theories around Big Pharma.
And wrong not to believe scientists in his own country, who did their very best to convince him, using the best evidence on hand, that HIV causes AIDS, and ARVs mitigate the effects.

I think he should appear before a tribunal of some kind, one day, to explain himself – and be prepared to take the withering criticism of those like me who believe he was partially culpable in the deaths of several hundreds of thousands of people in South Africa who could otherwise have been saved by ARVs.
Manto Tshabala-Msimang should be alongside him, of course – but she has taken herself and her several livers off to the grave, and he would stand alone.

See on Scoop.itVirology News

‘Alien DNA’ raining down on Earth could mix with Zika and form super disease – NOT!

2 March, 2016

“Scientists have warned that  panspermia – the theory of genetic material raining down from space – could make Zika stronger and more deadly”

Genetic material falling on Earth from outer space could create a supercharged version of the Zika virus, scientists have warned.

Experts claim that the virus, which is spreading across the globe, will become more prevalent and deadly in the future.

Changes in Zika have already been noted, as it’s changed to be passable through sexual contact.

The disease, first discovered in monkeys in 1947, had previously only been transferable by mosquito bite.

But now, scientists are warning that it could mutate, growing stronger and spreading more easily – with its victims suffering more serious consequences.

They have warned that future strains could become worse thanks to panspermia – the theory of genetic material constantly raining down on Earth from outer space.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.mirror.co.uk

The bullshirt is strong with this one…I have to include some conspiracy nonsense from time to time, just to show what’s out there!

And what’s out there for Zika is Fred Hoyle’s old mate, Chandra Wickramasinghe, who really should stick to astronomy or astrophysics – because he’s just making an idiot of himself.
Consider these statements:
“Genetic material falling on Earth from outer space could create a supercharged version of the Zika virus, scientists have warned.”
“Changes in Zika have already been noted, as it’s changed to be passable through sexual contact.”
“Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe, of the University of Buckingham, has long held panspermia as a common route of viral and bacterial mutation….
Worryingly, he said, is the apparent ability of the Zika virus to pick up foreign DNA and adapt quickly to become more virulent.”
OK: just how, exactly, is Zika supposed to be able to interact with the genetic material falling from space? And how in heaven’s name can anyone tie sexual transmission of Zika – which has only not been documented before, NOT shown not to happen – with picking up genetic material? Which, if Professor W is to be believed, is DNA – and Zika is a (+)sense RNA virus, which are not much given to picking up DNA fragments?
As I said, bullshirt: Zika is quite capable of mutating all by itself, without extraplanetary influences.

See on Scoop.itVirology News